Transition from quantity to quality.
Since the very moment of the civilized Word creation till the rather recent time the world consisted of set of relatively autonomic sites, conflicts between which had more likely local character. Though they could affected some considerable territories – as, for example, the religious wars in medieval Europe did, never the less poor transport and information communications made them rather localised. Yes, in Oikumena ( the accessible part of the civilized word) there was some disorder, but one could find more-or-less quiet place. And the Oikumena itself was smaller, less mosaic and less inhabited . However, the discoveries of the end of 19 centuries had significantly changed, life condition were improved and then the population has considerably increased. The population needs have increased as well, and one of the first events of 20 centuries became the First World War. The losses of the population, which seemed formerly unconceivable , made the World terrified. Many peoples then have decided that it should be the last war in the history of mankind. Churchill, for example, has told that the mankind had never before faced such a situation, and that people should get wiser and they should to think well before making step and never forget on their responsibility. It was told in 1932, but in 1939 the Second World War has begun, and till now people didn't get wiser and more responsible. As a result of the First World War four empires got collapsed: the German empire, the Russian one, Oesterreich-Ungarn Empire and Ottoman one, and two last have been divided, the monarchies of Germany and Russia have been brought down, their territories were decreased and their economies got disordered. Simultaneously the final formation of two civilization systems was completed, the institutional and the civil ones (Here and further the work of G. Kireev “On the civilizations types” is used ( http://kireev.info/civilisations.doc http://vestnikcivitas.ru/pbls/167 http://vestnikcivitas.ru/pbls/201 – in Russian). The term "civilisation" here is not just the community of human specimens, but the result of social interrelations between them as well as the product of social activity oh H. sapiens specimens.
That classification is somewhat close to the one, offered by Bruer in his Skidding, 1974
There that offered the following classification
Servitive type, Cooperative and imperative.
To some extent that classification refers well to the one of Kireev, so
the servitive society type refers to the institutional one,
the cooperative – to the civil,
the imperative - to the traditional one.
Sure no “pure types” could be ever observed. Like it can never be found a person possessing exactly one in the 4 tempers - Choleric, phlegmatic, sanguinic. Any person possesses some combination of certain these tempers shares. However we can predict a person behaviour after the maximum share of one of the tempers in his character. The same is situation with the society types
The differences between these civilization types could be explained by difference of the nature conditions under which the society was originated and that determined the initial structure of inter-community interrelations – here and after defined as civilisations, They are determined mainly by interrelation between producing and managing community members. If the origin of civil civilization took place under the conditions of rather even distribution of productive resources which did not suppose either the concentration of access them, or the concentration of the managing power over them in some centralized structures, the civilisation of the institutional type always comes up in the places where distribution of resources was uneven and needed the centralised management over them.
At early stages of human society development the access to the appropriate for cultivation was the main resource providing the society existing. Indeed under more-or-less moderate conditions of the Europe and in the absence of the strong dangerous threatening enemy to build the protection against which the powerful military structures had been needed, the set small rather independent economically societies has developed. Roughly speaking, if something did not suit the person on one place, he could get to some other place with few efforts. In fact there were always some efforts certainly however they were not excessive . However in case that under the local climate conditions the access to the appropriate for further cultivation earth wast uneven or some strong external enemy existed – those were the conditions under which the institutional civilization was formed.
Those conflicts that arose in the 20th century – those between capitalism-communism systems, then between Islamic and Jude-Christian civilizations were apparently due the competitions of those two civilization types. The competition between these two civilization types is unavoidable. It is predetermined by system properties, such as the trend to economical expansion of he civil civilization and in vise versa the trend to isolationism of the institutional communities.
As in order to cure a person, not the decease symptoms are to be cured but the reason of the very illness reasons are to be healed. Simultaneously the demography pressure initiate the so called “Lemming Effect” that influence the scope and frequency of these conflicts Today crazy“ war of all against all may lead to the destruction of the very habitat of the opponents. Hence, in order to release or even to prevent conflicts their primary causes are to be regarded. Today 3 main types of civilizations are recognized: the Civil civilisation is the dynamic system of socially-specific reproduction based on mechanisms, providing a priority of public interest as a whole over interests of created public institutes – the states, parties, faiths, corporations etc. The institutional civilisation – cyclic system of the socially-specific reproduction, which development is defined by the governing role of any specific institute – as a rule, the states or churches. Thus corporate interest of this institute and the co-ordinated institutes prevail over interest of a society "as a whole". A traditional civilisation – the conservative system of self-organising based on simple reproduction of socially-specific relations, "adjusted" to a certain ecosystem. These civilization interrelations are determined first of all by the conflicts of their economical and political immanent natures.
Limits of the based on the free private initiative systems growing, are determined only by the resources store and the markets capacity. Hence the managing subjects of civil communities looks for any way to widen their influence onto new areas and markets. Thus a the frontier between two different civilizations types the conflict occurs unavoidable due their conflicting organization patterns. This conflict is caused by conversational trends. The trend to the expansion of the civil civilization on the one hand and the trend to self-protection against the “infection” by the institutional one from the other hand.
The purpose of the civil system extension is the establishing of such control over new areas-markets in order to maintain the system compatibility, to distribute of uniform rules of functioning of economy. The lasts is based on principles of the expanded society reproduction, the expansion of the based on he free initiative economy effective area. For the institutional civilisations the system expansion is also important, however it is shown up with the minus sign, let's say. It is directed to expanding the zone of the system control of any action and the zone in wich it'd suppress any stand-up entrepreneurial private initiatives.
The institutional expansion is that of political nature usually. First of all it's due to the fact that all the entrepreneurial initiatives of its economy go from the state-controlled institutions. It's viable only within the area of that institute controlling. Unlike the institutional one, the civil civilisation is focused, first of all, on economical expansion. Only in case of direct counteraction to its economic agents it initiates expansion political. Actually the raising conflicts originates from the people aspiration to be protected from such expansion. The people is always scared to loose its the ethno- cultural environment natural due to it. It is afraid that with replacement of system and the managing elite replacing some strangers who would apply for its working places would come, it is afraid that to it will impose another's customs and religion.
This expansion fear results in military conflicts. Their intensity and frequency are increased significantly by the “lemming effect” - the population number auto-regulation mechanism. Wether peoples are doomed to repeat the way of lemmings and hence the more and more cruel and destructive wars are unavoidable? And why not? What's wrong? Indeed the lemming species lives for quite a considerable time in sever and rather limited conditions. Its number flashes periodically repeat, the resources accessible for animals get exhausted, then the mechanism of auto-regulation of number of population switches on, huge number of tiny animals perishes, but grace of that expense the species is going on existing. . And its habitat conditions are restored. So why human beings could not repeat that pattern? After all it'd simultaneously stimulate the further evolution - “the strongest survives” and so on... the only problem is the probability, that as a result of such a conflict there were nothing to restore, no habitat at all? This probability is close to 100 %. What is the mankind to do in such a situation? The professor of University of George Washington\George Washington University, William Halal\William Halal, one of founders of Institute of Knowledge and Innovations\Institute for Knowledge and Innovation, the author of the book "the Technology Promise: Expert Knowledge of Business and Society Transformation" \Technology's Promise, says that currently the mankind is passing through "the knowledge stage" and further it'd move to a new stage which he calls "cognitive stage". Regardless of their own will peoples are facing the complicated question which underlies these dilemmas - the question of consciousness question...
"The human cognitive ability would rise on higher level, like the agriculture mechanisation has moved people from fields - to factories and the industrial production. Then, due to the working places automation the job market moved toward customer services and it tends currently to the cognitive sphere. And as long as we would automate that area, human activity will move "outside the scope of knowledge”- to sphere of belief, values, views, choice and other values from that sphere of consciousness which determine over our life. In a new situation people and the organisations should be able to self-changing and adjusting very quickly.... The National sovereignty - one more those out-of-date idea. Certainly, the states wish to keep as much power as possible. It'd be difficult for many peoples. It'd be extremely hard to many people, devoted to the ideals of profit and capitalism. Those ideals form basis of their economical activity, so to forget about then would be extremely hard. They will call these processes "socialism". But it not a socialism. it is just one of the forms of democracy – the economical one. The corporation would arise its efficiency significantly while working in more harmonious society. It will be difficult to force to take people up their responsibility in the self-steered organisations. Those, who manage their own households or care of bringing up children would be able to do it – but it's just one of population. Others are not ready to that responsibility. It will be hard, a lot of mistakes, errors would be made - and they would be paid for. But these changes are necessary to survive in the new world. And those who will not want to enter into the new world in this process will be losers. The time had come to all countries start cooperating,working together ”(http://www.washprofile.org/ru/node/7909) this time had come, but whether the states are ready to refuse of the sovereignty concept, of unique tradition, their special way and – unique and the only true religion
Currently the mankind is not ready to meet that challenge. How it could get prepared to that ? Both naive, and stupid is to be looking forward to any lucky mutation that'd push human evolution further and will lead to occurrence – just like that, by magic wand wave – of some superman, “the person of the Golden Age”. However, nowadays the character of human beings evolution is of more social nature, than of the biological one. Thus the main accent has shifted from the chemical genes structure mutations to epigenetic – the not-genetic variability. It's connected first of all with changes in an information field. There there are new ideas and the concepts changing "public opinion" and thus the behaviour of people. They are experiencing much faster changes, than chemical structure of genes. And if in "traditional" the genetics a unit of measure is a gene here the unit of variability is meme, the unit of the cultural information passed from one person to another by means of imitation, научения, etc. This term has been introduced by Dawkins in 1976. Above all it means that the further mankind evolution may be managed - through these memes introduction “into public opinion” through establishing the juvenile education system – that would enable people ability of the analytical thinking and through mass-media wide propaganda. Just like it was with brushing teeth – I'm not sure about you, the reader, but in Soviet time none of the small kids enjoyed the tooth brushing process – not just because it took some tine, but because the Soviet tooth brushes were biting and inconvenient. So it was somewhat unpleasant indeed . And only under the adults authority pressure I got used to it. Sure the modern toothbrushes stand no compare with those “torture tools”. And for both kids and adults of the developed countries it'd be highly inconvenient NOT to brash its teeth every morning. The same story was with washing hear. When no shampoo but some adored soaps were designed, it was considered even harmful to wash hair more often that once in moth – there were some instructions from some “young ladies housekeeping book” of the Queen Victoria's times. And now? For any European that seems absurd. So indeed that proves well that some “thinking habits” could be introduced into “public opinion”. (so now the dentists are specially warning parents about the danger of some ultra-brushing for the children teeth enamel. There are a lot of examples of that type, but there is no sense to go on. The teenagers – adolescents of the juvenile age - are the most inclined to any imitating. That system introducing would help mankind to pass into “a consciousness stage”. The only thing is not clear, whether the world is ready to work out and to introduce of such system – after all it would undermine the very basis of the commercial activity of a civilisation of civil type, by driving people off the influence of all the marketing technologies and an other commercial fuss like postmodernism for instance. So what to do? Basically, the civilisation of civil type is the only one of those three able to further evolution – if it would be not not destroyed, together with the very its habitat, by the increased competition with the institutional type, like the competition to dinosaurs suppressed early mammals development. The transfer from “the dinosaurs kingdom” to “the mammals kingdom”, got possible due to the sharp temperature falling that was as a result of a huge meteorite falling. Should we be waiting to the next temperature falling, the result of “nuclear winter”?
Certainly that strategy would come into conflict with the very psychology of the consumer society that lays in the basis of the capitalism. That why it could be hardly expected it could reform itself
r- and K-strategies, urbanisation and demography problems, two different patters of the state resources use -
That'd be a long story, not here and now – but the key-exit's be the same, public “thinking habits” managing and changing through the Wold-wide educational system creation of the federal type and through mass media propaganda – ie through the folk psychological changes .